Start before you feel pain
Equalisation works best before pressure becomes uncomfortable. Equalise at the surface and then frequently during descent.
Diving Safety & First Aid
Ear Equalisation Problems When Diving
Equalise early, equalise often and never force your ears.
Ear problems are common, but they should not be ignored
Ear equalisation problems are one of the most common reasons divers struggle on descent. Pressure changes should be managed early and gently. Pain is not something to push through.
If you cannot equalise, the safe answer is to stop descending, ascend slightly if needed and abort the dive if the problem does not resolve. Forcing equalisation can make an injury worse.
Key points
Practical reminders to discuss before the dive and apply within your training and local briefing.
Use a controlled descent
Avoid rapid negative descents unless trained, comfortable and able to equalise easily. Most divers with ear issues need a slower descent.
Never force equalisation
Forceful attempts can make the problem worse. Stop, signal your buddy, ascend slightly and try gently again.
Watch for reverse block
Pain or pressure during ascent can indicate trapped expanding air. Stop, descend slightly if safe and follow your training and dive leader guidance.
Important note
Do not dive with significant congestion, sinus pain or ear symptoms. If pain, vertigo, sudden hearing change, bleeding or persistent symptoms occur, stop diving and seek medical advice.
This guide is for general diver education and does not replace formal training, medical advice or the guidance of your instructor, dive centre, emergency services or a diving doctor.
Frequently asked questions
How often should I equalise when descending?
Equalise early and often, before pain starts. Many divers need to equalise every small change in depth during the first few metres.
What should I do if one ear will not clear?
Stop descending, signal your buddy, ascend slightly and try gentle equalisation again. If it still will not clear, abort the dive.
Should I force a Valsalva manoeuvre?
No. Forceful equalisation can worsen the problem and may injure the ear. Equalisation should be gentle.
Can I dive with a cold or congestion?
Do not dive with significant congestion, sinus pressure or ear fullness. Congestion can prevent equalisation and increase the risk of barotrauma.
What is a reverse block?
A reverse block can happen when expanding air cannot escape during ascent, causing pain or pressure. Stop, stay calm and follow your training and dive leader guidance.
When should I seek medical advice for ear problems?
Seek advice if pain, vertigo, hearing change, bleeding, persistent fullness or symptoms after diving occur. Do not keep diving with unresolved ear symptoms.
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